Measurement of Data Transmission Speed in 5G and 4G LTE Mobile Networks Between a Moving Vehicle and the Environment

Concurrently, remote vehicle monitoring systems with embedded eSIMs are becoming ubiquitous, enabling real-time communication with control centers, and facilitating over-the-air (OTA) upgrades for vehicle performance. As future mobility relies heavily on robust mobile networks for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-environment communication, low latency is crucial. This study investigates data transfer rates in 5G networks, evaluating offerings from four Slovakian mobile operators. The methodology employs a Land Rover Defender equipped with measurement hardware, using SIM cards from four operators for real-world testing in a 5G-covered area in Bratislava, with the vehicle traveling at 80 km/h. The vehicle-mounted measuring system includes essential components such as an Intel NUC computer, precise positioning system with Ublox GNSS modules, time synchronization system, vehicle speed determination system, and an internet network connection system with four Teltonika RUTX50 routers. The software testing framework focuses on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) communication, crucial for automotive applications, enabling the transmission of significant data volumes. The chapter details the application layer, physical structure, and system components, with a key emphasis on the synchronization service. The data gathering application collects vehicle information, including status, location, and speed, while the reference and measuring services ensure smooth data transmission. This research illuminates the performance of 5G networks in moving vehicles, highlighting the critical role of network reliability and low latency in the evolving landscape of connected vehicle applications.