Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoporous Hydroxyapatite Doped with Polyphenols Extracted from Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Pokok Tetulang)

Biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite (HA) have been widely studied for their biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties as implant materials in modern medical science. Due to its lack of antimicrobial behavior as pure HA, doping is a necessity to improve its function. This study focused on the synthesis of nanoporous HA doped with polyphenols obtained by methanol extraction from Euphorbia tirucalli L. plant using Soxhlet method. Characterization of HA using FTIR spectrum revealed the absorption of HA functional groups. Meanwhile, FTIR spectra of HA doped with polyphenols proved the successful doping. Phytochemical tests such as TPC and TFC measured 91.05 mg GAE/ml and 71.37 mg QE/ml respectively. A 20 mg/ml extract concentration resulted in 132 mm2 of inhibition growth and 80 mg/ml extract concentration found both 162 mm2 and 120 mm2 of inhibition growth for bacteria densities respectively. The crude extract possesses antioxidant activity and HA doped with polyphenols exhibits antimicrobial properties due to the presence of the polyphenols.