Modern Imperatives of Economic Security System Development: National Priorities and Challenges

The article presents the substantiation of the theoretical and methodological foundations and the definition of priorities for strengthening the economic security of Russia through the improvement of the institutional support of the national economy in conjunction with socio-humanitarian imperatives. The theoretical foundations of the socio-humanitarian components of economic security at the macro level are outlined in the context of new challenges in the global space, namely, the systemic interrelationships of the social sphere and culture and the process of forming the institutional basis of economic development and economic growth connected with the spiritual development of the people. The concept of economic security of the national economy is defined as a system characterized by development potential, which ensures the protection of a citizen in the system of national interests and self-reproduction of the people, and the possibility of realizing the potential, development, and protection of vital interests of citizens. Methodological approaches to assessing the level of economic security of the national economy, taking into account socio-humanitarian factors, based on the normalization of standards for the protection of economic rights and freedoms of citizens, and measuring their compliance with objective (achievement of certain quantitative and qualitative indicators) and subjective (awareness and sense of security by citizens themselves) criteria are determined. It is proved that the standards do not correspond to real economic needs and do not provide the right to life and self-reproduction. According to the subjective criterion, based on fuzzy logic methods, a critical level of insecurity of socio-economic rights of Russian citizens has been established, which, unlike the established ones, makes it possible to determine the prerequisites for the inefficiency of the economic security system of the national economy and priority means of its modernization. It is emphasized that economic security, first of all, of a person in the context of socio-economic transformations should be a priority of state policy. Strategic priorities for ensuring Russia’s economic security are proposed, taking into account socio-humanitarian imperatives, basic characteristics of the process of implementing the state’s economic security strategy, and scenarios of Russia’s social development.