Extracellular Matrix Bioactive Molecules and Cell Behavior Modeling

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a multi-functional three-dimensional network of multi-domain proteins that provide biomechanical cues for tissue development and homeostasis. ECM components form a structurally stable tissue composite that renders it mechanical strength. The ECM is also a reservoir of growth factors and biomolecules that control fundamental cellular and biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Additionally, the ECM harbors a reservoir of growth factors and bioactive molecules that regulate various cellular processes such as cell attachment, motility, proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Understanding the regulation of ECMs and the mechanisms of ECM remodeling is important for studying pathological processes, developing new therapeutic interventions for diseases, and for engineering tissues. In this chapter, we will describe the cell-binding motifs and the bioactive molecules in the ECM, along with the resulting effects on cellular function and biology.