Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds: Structure-Function

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an integral component of all tissues and organs and possesses specific structural and functional characteristics that differ between tissue types. The ECM supports the healthy, functional homeostatic state of tissues and provides signals that support reparative mechanisms following injury. The natural regenerative properties of the ECM make it an ideal material for bioscaffold formulations and applications in regenerative medicine, for which it has been successfully used to treat a variety of tissue pathologies. In this chapter, we examine the genesis of the ECM, the composition and structure of the ECM of various tissues, and the structure-function relationships of the ECM. We also briefly review the use and fabrication of ECM bioscaffolds for tissue repair.