Study on the Influence of Microclimate Comfort on the Winter Vigor of Campus Open Space in Severe Cold Areas—Taking the Campus of Harbin Institute of Technology as an Example

The outdoor thermal comfort of university campuses is an important factor in encouraging students to engage in outdoor activities and. The cold climate conditions in severe cold areas have affected the degree of use and vitality of open campus spaces. This study took Harbin Institute of Technology as the research object. Through monitoring the space thermal environment, questionnaire survey, attendance and activity behavior observation, the influence of open space thermal comfort on the duration of winter participants and the frequency of space activity in cold regions was explored. The results indicate that: (1) Landscape types and components have a significant impact on the outdoor thermal environment and human thermal comfort. (2) The outdoor neutral temperature in Harbin during winter is 12.78 °C, with a neutral UTCI range of 3.7 °C to 21.8 °C. (3) The average activity duration of students reaches its maximum value (11 min) when the UTCI is -7 °C. When UTCI > −14 °C, the average duration of student activities will exceed 10 min. (4) TSV is proportional to frequency. The rich landscape environment and rest facilities can increase the frequency of activities. These results can provide reference for designing improved campus spaces to promote students’ outdoor activities, enhance spatial vitality, and ensure health.