Afterword: Examining Contemporary Challenges in Policing

The field of professional policing has undertaken many reforms since its inception in the early nineteenth century. The preliminary revisions involved efforts to enhance professionalism and organizational capabilities. With eventual and notable increases in serious crime and violence in the later twentieth century, the need arose for improved strategic deployment. As such, new initiatives including community policing programs had evolved into efforts to identify and implement long-term problem-specific solutions. At the conclusion of the twentieth century, crime analysis was coupled with proactive enforcement to impressively and effectively decrease crime. However, the start of the twenty-first century witnessed a new challenge in that counter-terrorism had become a relatively new responsibility that involved extensive resources and agency budgeting. Finally, technological advancements have enhanced police effectiveness and service delivery in preventing and detecting criminality and identifying criminal suspects. Contemporary challenges will be examined in more thorough detail.