Definitions and Metrics of Work-Life Balance

In this chapter we describe to the reader various definitions of work-life balance (WLB). We argue that a good way to appreciate the various definitions is to classify each definition in terms of inputs and outputs (outcomes). With respect to inputs, researchers have conceptualized WLB inputs in three ways: time, engagement, and fit. Similarly, WLB outputs are also classified into three concepts: role effectiveness, role satisfaction, and minimal role conflict. We also make distinctions among time-based, strain-based, and behavior-based conflict. With respect to definitions of WLB in terms of combined dimensions of both inputs and outputs, we discuss two major conceptualizations, one involving the combined effects of work-family balance and work-family fit. The other conceptualization involves the combined effects of time balance, involvement balance, and satisfaction balance.