Introduction

In this chapter, we first describe the evidence related to positive outcomes of work-life balance (WLB) practices and explain the purpose of this book. This book is designed to answer the following question: for whom, why, and under what conditions are WLB strategies most effective? In answering this question, we first review the literature related to conceptual definitions, theories, antecedents, and consequences of each organizational strategy of WLB. Then, we review theoretical mechanisms of each strategy's effect on employee and organizational wellbeing. Finally, and most importantly, we identify the moderating conditions (individual, program, organizational, environmental, and cultural characteristics) that facilitate the efficacy of each strategy. The end goal is to provide recommendations to further develop WLB policies and programs to increase their effectiveness.