A Review of the Estimation of State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) of Li-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) are commonly adopted as a technological solution to combat global warming. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the main storage component of EVs due to their multiple properties, including high energy density and long cycle life and low self-discharge. Real-time monitoring of the status of LIBs, especially regarding SOC and health (SOH), is crucial to maintaining the health of LIBs and improving their capabilities. Additionally, creating accurate models of SOC and SOH is essential to accurately assess the condition of lithium batteries. This article studies and discusses the latest technologies associated with accurate estimation of SOC and SOH, based on recently published research over the last four years, with emphasis on their advantages and limitations.