The Application of Solar Distillation Technology as a Sustainable Solution for Seawater Desalination in the Arid Regions of the World

Many countries have experienced serious environmental and ecological disasters in recent times. The most important of these is the water crisis, which will have catastrophic effects on the inhabitants of these countries. To alleviate water shortages, nations around the world are implementing a series of policies and practices. Among these solutions we find Seawater desalination that is an increasingly important remedy for the freshwater deficit, reverse osmosis and solar stills are the technologies most widely used. This study will focus on solar still known for their simple and less expensive design despite the low efficiency. We will investigates solar distillation's potential as an environmentally friendly way to desalinate seawater in dry areas and we will discusses the principles of solar distillation, the various types of solar stills, and the factors that affect the performance of solar stills. Finally, we will presents case studies of solar distillation projects implemented in arid regions around the world.