Introduction: Norwegians and Germans in Spitsbergen (Svalbard)
摘要
The esteemed Northern explorer Fridtjof Nansen, formulator of the ice drifting method of ship travel near the North Pole, mentor to South Pole explorer Roald Amundsen, designer of the rounded vessel Fram, and trusted global diplomat with stellar scientific background and reputation, stepped off the steamer in Tromsø, Norway and went about completing the final tasks of preparation prior to undertaking the major portion of his travel northward (Nansen, 1914; Tahan, 2019, 2021).