Controversies in Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Orthopaedic Surgery

It is evident to all professionals in this field that the existing guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery are no longer sufficient. Orthopaedic surgical procedures, particularly joint replacements, carry an elevated risk of infection due to implant materials and the potential for intraoperative infections. Consequently, the administration of antibiotics before, during, and after surgery has become standard practice to mitigate the risk of surgical site infections. However, determining the optimal regimen and duration of antibiotic prophylaxis remains a topic of debate, as the indiscriminate use of antibiotics may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this chapter, we will critically review current evidence-based guidelines and best practices for antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery, with a specific focus on trauma surgery.