Options on Conservative Treatment in Acute Surgical Emergencies

Less invasive and conservative approaches are increasingly being accepted among surgeons as evidence shows that less tissue damage and an attenuated metabolic response to trauma play an important role when treating critically ill subjects, notably among the elderly. High-definition imaging devices enable accessing body cavities and structures with safety and precision, rendering minimally invasive techniques as effective as more aggressive alternatives. Percutaneous drainage, angioembolization, endoscopic/endoluminal surgery along with carefully dimensioned laparoscopic and robotic interventions are some of the pathways toward less tissue damage. The aim of this chapter is focusing on relevant improvements in conservative and minimally invasive approaches for abdominal trauma as well as for acute gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and colorectal disorders.