Wildlife, Science, and Law in the United States

This chapter sets out a framework for how to better integrate science, law, and policy to successfully manage and conserve wildlife and ecosystems. Using various examples, it first discusses standards for managing biodiversity, such as the acceptable risk choices inherent in selecting species for special legal protections. Next, it examines the science process, a term for the choices made in designing scientific determinations as to whether decisions meet applicable standards, as well as for resolving disputes over such determinations. The framework’s third element is implementation, including issues such as enforcement and adjusting management regimes to deal with uncertainties and environmental changes. Finally, the chapter explores some of the human elements that affect biodiversity management, including a call for all interested citizens to play a role in making important choices about conserving biodiversity—including scientists. Overall, the chapter strongly advocates better interdisciplinary thinking and communication to improve efforts to manage and conserve biodiversity.