Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Photosensitive Spectrum Applications: An Inclusive Review

Finding new materials often leads to significant advancements in various technical and scientific fields. These materials can have an insightful impact on society, from improving existing technologies to enabling entirely new applications and solutions to longstanding problems. Therefore, materials science continues to be a critical and evolving field of study with far-extensive implications, which is a great new amplification of a problem which will area unit believed to be unsolvable. Such a type of material is graphene, which is a single-layer sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice in two-dimensional (2D) material with extraordinary electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, has emerged as a groundbreaking material in the field of optics. Its unique mechanical, electronic, and optical properties have made it a subject of intense research for applications across the optical spectrum. Graphene-based nanomaterials refer to a family of materials that are primarily composed of graphene or incorporate graphene as an essential constituent. When graphene is modified, manipulated, or combined with other materials at the nanoscale, it creates various graphene-based nanomaterials with unique characteristics and a wide range of potential applications. This systematic review explores the latest developments and achievements in harnessing graphene-based nanomaterials for diverse optical spectrum applications, encompassing visible, infrared, and terahertz regions. We cover a wide range of topics, including the fundamental principles, and synthesis methods of carbon-based nanomaterials, their unique optical properties with their various applications in photodetectors, and photovoltaics, illuminating the promising future they hold for advancing optical technology. Likewise, we discuss challenges and future prospects in this exciting and rapidly evolving field.