Design of a Broadband (0.84–1.2 THz) Microstrip Patch Antenna Utilizing Graphene Material and Polyimide Substrate for Terahertz 6G Applications

The terahertz band gap, which covers the wavelength range from 0.1 to 10 THz and lies between microwaves and optical wavelengths, defines the terahertz frequency. Graphene is a graphite laminar layer possessing remarkable optical, mechanical, and electrical capabilities. This article presents a broadband graphene for THz band applications based on microstrip antennas. The graphene material is employed as the conductor for the patch antenna while gold is utilized as conductor for the ground plane. The patch antenna and ground plane have been printed on a 35-µm high polyimide substrate with a 4.3 relative permittivity and a 0.004 dielectric loss tangent. Ansys high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software was used for the design and simulation results. According to the data, the suggested antenna resonates at 0.98 GHz with a broad bandwidth of almost 280 GHz. Its directional radiation pattern is complemented by a decent gain of 7.5 dB, good directivity of roughly 7 dB, and a frequency range from 0.84 to 1.2 THz. The total size of the reached antenna is 54 × 120 × 120 μm3. The proposed antenna is specifically designed to function with the upcoming 6G applications in the THz band, particularly with regard to high next-generation speed wireless communication, medical imaging, material identification, arms, and explosive detections.