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Understanding and Analysing Complexity. Bias about Processes and Things

  • Rani Lill Anjum,
  • Elena Rocca

摘要

Ancient Greek philosophers, also before Socrates, were concerned with ontology. Before the natural sciences developed, there was philosophy of nature, or ‘physis’, where philosophers speculated about the origin, constituents, and first principles of the physical reality. What is the most foundational principle of all things? What unites everything that exists? When we talk about ontology, therefore, we usually think of the universal, eternal, and unchanging principles of reality: that which never changes across time and space. There is, however, a contemporary debate in philosophy that can be traced back to the pre-Socratics: Could the most universal and unchanging principle of reality be that everything is in constant change? Perhaps change is the only constant?