Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Bangladesh: Sources, Meteorological Factors and Management Approaches

Various anthropogenic activities such as fuel combustion, industrial processes, non-industrial fugitive sources, transportation, construction activities, brick kiln, and biomass burning are the main sources of particulate matter in Bangladesh. Previous research reported that yearly PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are several times higher than the national standards of Bangladesh. A number of adverse health impacts have been associated with exposure to particulate matter and more than 37,000 Bangladeshi people die every year from diseases related to air pollution. In recent years, the government of Bangladesh has become concerned about controlling aerosol emissions coming from anthropogenic sources. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the variation of aerosol in Bangladesh while manuscripts related to policies controlling particulate matter are very limited with inappropriate implementation. As a result, the combination of meteorological conditions and local sources results in particulate matter concentrations much higher than the Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standard (BNAAQS). Bangladesh’s government has taken several steps to reduce aerosol emissions by introducing lower sulfur fuel, improving the flexibility of vehicles, and introducing new technology for brick production. Air pollution caused by aerosol particulates not only affects our daily lives but also negatively affects our environment, so we need to come forward together by making efforts personally, socially, and legally. This chapter discusses sources and meteorological factors affecting particulate matter as well as management approaches to mitigate air pollution.