Aerosol-Social-Health Nexus: Unveiling the Reciprocity with Aerosol Optical Depth

Atmospheric aerosols, composed of suspended particulate matter and aerosol optical depth (AOD), exert a crucial role in regulating air quality. However, existing studies primarily focus on the direct health impacts of aerosols, neglecting the investigation of their indirect effects on fertility, child mortality, maternal health, and domestic environments. Understanding these indirect impacts becomes paramount, particularly in densely populated regions with high aerosol concentrations. This study delves into the association between AOD and key health and malnutritional indicators across Chennai, Coimbatore and Salem districts in Tamil Nadu, India. We conducted an extensive analysis of satellite-derived AOD data (NASA-VIIRS), and nutritional status from National Family Health Survey NFHS-4 (2015–2016) and NFHS-5 (2019–2021) over a 5-year period. Our research uncovers a significant correlation between heightened AOD levels and adverse health outcomes. Furthermore, increased AOD is linked to elevated nutritional status, implying the detrimental effects of air pollution on vulnerable populations. Interestingly, as we delve into the link between AOD and malnutrition rates, focusing particularly on stunting (0.33%), wasting (0.32%), and underweight (0.34%), this analysis uncovers some compelling revelations. These findings underscore the critical importance of considering the indirect impact of AOD on nutritional health of children. By shedding light on the indirect implications of atmospheric aerosols, this research provides essential insights for policymakers and environmental authorities.