Arthrogryposis

Arthrogryposis is a general term that encompasses a multitude of different disorders with the commonality of multiple congenital contractures. Arthrogryposis can be classified into three main groups, according to the presence or absence of associated visceral and central nervous system involvement. Amyoplasia is the most common form of arthrogryposis and typically affects all four extremities. The lower limbs, including the feet, knees, and hips, are often affected, requiring surgical interventions and rehabilitation. Clubfoot deformity or talipes equinovarus is the most common foot deformity in arthrogryposis. The knee is the second joint most commonly affected. Knee contractures can be the most disabling deformity as they impair mobility and impact lower limb alignment. The spine and upper limbs may also be affected. This chapter presents the diagnostic approach for children with arthrogryposis, as well as the general management of the lower limbs, with an emphasis on amyoplasia. Multidisciplinary treatment of the child with arthrogryposis with a focus on early intervention and continued follow-up is warranted to promote functional ambulation and autonomy in performing activities of everyday life.