Management of Pediatric Foot and Ankle Deformities: Gradual Correction

This chapter provides an overview and an update about the ever-evolving indications and applications of external fixation for the pediatric foot and ankle. During the last two decades, there have been many advances in technology and preoperative deformity planning. The principles of deformity correction have become an essential component for successful application of external fixation. Technology for external fixation has also improved such as computer-assisted external fixation, improved pin geometry and coatings, and fixator materials have expanded the indications and applications of external fixation.