Major Neurocognitive Disorders Due to Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and its prevalence increases with age. A comprehensive assessment of AD includes a thorough history, mental status examination, focused physical and neurological examination, and appropriate laboratory investigations. The use of standardized assessment tools like the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) can help with qualifying and quantifying the cognitive deficits. Current evidence indicates that a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions is beneficial for the treatment of AD. Non-pharmacological interventions such as an active lifestyle and following a Mediterranean diet may slow progression. Caregiver support and education are crucial. Pharmacological therapies such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine have been shown to improve cognitive function, clinical status, and abilities to perform activities of daily living. Anti-amyloid therapies may modify the disease process. In this chapter, we review the diagnosis and treatment of AD.