Microbial Degradation: Understanding the Mysteries of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation, “By Nature’s Recyclers”

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is a widely used synthetic polymer, poses significant environmental challenges due to its resistance to degradation. The traditional methods of recycling PET waste associated with burning and landfilling prove challenging, due to the detrimental impacts on both terrestrial and aquatic organisms. However, there are potentially effective ways to combat plastic pollution since a variety of microbial species, such as bacteria and fungi, have demonstrated the capacity to enzymatically break down PET. The enzyme responsible for PET degradation includes cutinases and PETases, providing insight into the biochemical processes that help break down this resistant polymer. The understanding of recent advancements and obstacles in PET biodegradation is essential for formulating enduring remedies to alleviate plastic pollution. The purpose of this chapter is to give the state of knowledge in the subject, directing future studies and assisting in the creation of environmentally appropriate PET waste management techniques.