A Review of Landfill Leachate with Environment Impacts: Sustainable Waste Management and Treatment Methods of Vellalore Dump Yard, Coimbatore Corporation

The study examined to identify, characterize, and quantify microplastics in Groundwater samples around the municipal solid waste dumpsites, namely Vellalore dump yard, Coimbatore Corporation in South India. We have collected groundwater samples from bore well (15 nos) in 1-L Silanized amber glass bottles with Teflon-lined caps within 2 km distance from the municipal solid waste disposal sites during the post-monsoon season (November 2019) in South India. To evaluate the identification and quantification of microplastic abundance, characteristics (composite, size, colour, shape and surface morphology), and distribution of groundwater performed using LABOMED zoom stereo microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) fitted with Complete Attenuated Reflectance and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) fitted with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyser. The total amount of microplastic particles was found to contain freshwater sources among the groundwater samples (n = 15) ranging from 6 and 80 items/L. Vellalore dump yard sampling sites dominant-coloured particles included white (18%), black (32%), red (19%), blue (16%), green (10%), and yellow (5%) respectively. Also, a Polymer type occurs in the following order nylon (70%), pellets (18%), foam (6%), fragments (3%) fibers/PVC (2%) and polythene (1%). The study confirmed the microplastic tracers in groundwater contamination near dump yards. In Vellalore dump yard sampling sites, 90% of microplastics were derived from the fragmentation of the buried waste of the plastics predominantly polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) was presented. These methods for identifying and quantifying microplastics in groundwater is likely to provide a scope for further research into the pathways by which microplastic enter the environment.