The Protective Role of Vitamins in Skincare and Cosmeceutical Products: Mechanisms Involved to Re-engineer the Skin Towards a Healthy State

There is overwhelming evidence from in vitro and in vivo investigations as well as animal and human studies that incorporation of some vitamins in skincare productsSkincare products and cosmeceuticalsCosmeceuticals promote healthy skin and re-engineer the skin to a healthy state. This comprehensive review illustrates the protective roles of vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E in skin- care products and cosmeceuticals. We have evaluated the impact of vitamin-based skincare productsSkincare products on the skin microbiomes and reviewed the popular vitamin-based cosmeceuticalsCosmeceuticals. Our review also identifies the gaps in our knowledge for future research and describe the potential mechanismsMechanisms of vitamins to promote skin healthSkin health and reduce wrinkle formation in the ageing skin. The challengesCosmeceutical challenges and future opportunities in the area of cosmeceuticals and skincare products also are discussed, along with consumer perceptions, safety implications, and the comparison of dietary vitamin intake as opposed to topical applications. Overall, the aims of this review are to enhance our understanding regarding the physiological role of vitamins in skincare productsSkincare products and cosmeceuticalsCosmeceuticals and to rejuvenate the skin towards healthy state. Such information would provide a valuable resource for consumers, dermatologists, and stakeholders in this important and evolving field of environmental skin protectionProtection and anti-aging research in elderly populationElderly populations.