Excitation of Particle Motions

Confined particles can be excited non-resonantly, or resonantly by suited electromagnetic radiation at the frequency of the respective motion. This refers to individual axial and radial oscillation frequencies of single particles or particle ensembles, excitation of sidebands for motional coupling, and also to collective frequencies of ensembles such as plasma modes. Non-resonant excitation can be used to force particular motions upon particles, such as in ‘rotating-wall’ applications.