Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection. Following catheterisation, bacteriuria develops at a rate of 3-10% per day with the majority of patients developing bacteriuria by one month and symptomatic infections occurring in up to 25% following the establishment of bacteriuria. Two-thirds of CAUTI are estimated to be preventable through good catheter practices. Prevention of CAUTI is among the top priorities for healthcare organisations, especially against the backdrop of a rise in antimicrobial-resistant organisms. The prevention and management of CAUTI requires a multimodal approach. There is little evidence to support the use of prophylaxis with systemic antibiotics, methenamine or cranberry products or the routine use of antimicrobial catheters. Alternatives to indwelling catheters such as intermittent catheters or condom catheters should be considered wherever possible. Aseptic technique for catheter insertion and the use of closed catheter drainage systems are vital. Appropriate antibiotics based on culture and sensitivities should be given to treat CAUTI (for 7–14 days) and it is important for the catheter to be removed or replaced prior to starting therapy. Further research is required to establish the link between the development of bacteriuria and CAUTI and the creation of biomaterials that prevent or limit biofilm formation may offer a breakthrough.