Symptoms of the lower urinary tract conditions may have significant social consequences and clinical morbidities like urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux. In many children, there is no obvious cause for the incontinence, and they are referred to as having functional bladder problems or rather a lower urinary tract condition. Children may present with urinary tract infections, frequency, urgency, incontinence, and/or constipation. A detailed history, physical examination (to rule out a neurologic or genital abnormality), urinalysis, and voiding diary should be part of the initial diagnostic workup. Uroflowmetry, together with an ultrasound (US) of the bladder to determine postvoid residual will be sufficient in most children to make a diagnosis and start treatment. Only in children with recurrent urinary tract infections, an abnormal flow curve with or without residual urine further investigations are necessary. Constipation has to be ruled out in all children before therapy can be started, because successful bowel management may lead to cessation of the bladder problem. More invasive diagnostic procedures like cystoscopy and full urodynamic investigation are only indicated in therapy-resistant and complex cases. Urotherapy is the mainstay of therapy, but in some children, anticholinergic medications or other treatment modalities (such as neuromodulation and botulinum toxin injections) should be added.