Sperm Morphology

Sperm morphology is an important parameter assessed during a routine semen analysis. However, the lack of a standardized and validated test arises from the existence of various classification systems and significant inter-observer variability when performing the test. The definition of morphologically “normal” spermatozoa has undergone revisions over time, and ongoing debates persist regarding the role of sperm morphology as an indicator of male fertility and success with assisted reproductive techniques (ART). This chapter briefly outlines the methodology and relevance of sperm morphology testing and highlights its importance in diagnosing infertility in patients. It also discusses the etiological diagnosis of male reproductive functions and dysfunctions. The impact of sperm morphology on both ART and non-ART management strategies is explored. Finally, two clinical scenarios are presented to illustrate the practical application of sperm morphology assessment.