Endometriosis and Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis refers to the presence of endometrial stroma and glands within the myometrium, whereas the ectopic location of endometrium outside the uterus identifies the condition of endometriosis. Both benign and gynecological conditions originate from a menstruation-related dysfunction, and they are typically observed in reproductive age women. Common pathogenetic mechanisms, shared risk factor profile, and their frequent coexistence support their similarities, despite each disease has its own features. Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and infertility resulting from relative hyperestrogenism, progesterone resistance, and inflammation are frequently observed in both diseases. Conversely, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) are mostly associated with adenomyosis, and resulting iron deficiency anemia is commonly reported. Endometriosis, instead, is a disease often accompanied by systemic comorbidities, along with a chronic pain syndrome. However, common pathogenetic mechanisms and factors support the use of similar hormonal treatment approaches.