Defense Against Oxidative Stress: Nrf2-ARE Pathway

Reactive chemical intermediates, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and free radicals, are formed during foreign compound metabolic conversions catalyzed by metabolic enzymes. In many cases, such reactive chemical intermediates lead to oxidative stress, as the production of reactive chemical intermediates exceeds the ability of metabolic detoxification enzymes and endogenous antioxidants to neutralize them.