Management Accounting Systems and Data Analytics in the United States: Evidence from Apple

Management accounting is the process of making goals and objectives of the company by identifying and analyzing the available and its communication to the managers. Advanced management accounting systems can be used to make decisions, including Job Costing System, Process Costing System, Budgeting, Activity Costing System etc. The United States of America has undergone many phases to get to the advanced management accounting system. The first elaborate management accounting system was seen in New England Textile Industry and Spring field armory in the eighteenth century. The railroads' management gave another push to management accounting and auditing. The scientific management theory of Fredrick Taylor was a significant development that framed the current scenario of Management accounting. The pre-war and post-war eras had seen many ups and downs in these fields. With the 1950s and 1960s came the period of responsible reporting, and the advanced management system was given rise from that era. Data Analytic techniques also play an essential role in analyzing and visualizing data, enabling managers to make better decisions. Apple Inc. is a global leader in the field of IT and computers. It uses several techniques and systems to manage its costs and expenses. This study discusses the use of Activity-based costing and Cost volume analysis on Apple Inc. operations.