Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process has attracted widespread attention in wastewater treatment due to its significant engineering and ecological significance. This chapter comprehensively outlines the growth and metabolic characteristics of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), as well as practical applications of anammox processes across multiple scenarios. Firstly, the microbiological structural characteristics of AnAOB are described in detail, highlighting their bacterial species diversity and unique cell structures, providing a systematic theoretical basis for understanding their physiological characteristics. Subsequently, strategies for effectively enriching AnAOB in various types of biological reaction systems are summarized, along with the influence of exogenous carriers on their growth and metabolic mechanisms. Detailed explanations are provided on the specific growth conditions of AnAOB influenced by important factors such as substrate concentration and temperature, offering specific guidance for optimizing the anammox process or regulating the growth of AnAOB. Building upon the diverse biological morphological characteristics of AnAOB, the practical applications of the anammox process in treating various types of wastewaters are summarized, outlining its multifunctionality in different environments. Exciting new discoveries regarding novel metabolic patterns and strains of AnAOB provide important insights into their future research and application potential. Finally, the prospects for further development of anammox technology are discussed, emphasizing its significant role in improving the efficiency and sustainability of wastewater treatment processes.