Waste to Energy Technologies: A Sustainable Key Approach Towards Circular Economy and Energy Recycling

Urbanization and industrialization coupled with exponential human population has triggered the need to disseminate waste management models, monitoring tools, challenges, and opportunities to build a sustainable environmental management system. The current chapter delivers wide range of strategic innovations on waste to energy technologies highlighting the following key objectives: (i) to illustrate the existing waste management techniques with special emphasis on the need for energy recovery through waste-to-energy method (ii) to provide an overview on prevailing scenario of critical and hazardous waste across different countries and their feasible approaches for sustainable recycling (iii) to discuss the global environmental impact of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) models in identifying an appropriate waste management algorithm in response to the challenges, opportunities, and social aspect in a society. Furthermore, the chapter also comprehensively describes how the characteristics of different waste along with the economic status of nations largely dictates the impact, opportunities, and challenges of a society. In addition, a detailed and thorough understanding on these ground breaking approaches would not only benefit science and society to manage complex waste but also facilitate in building up proactive responses to the environmental, economic, and social encounters in a smart, organized, and sustainable manner. Thus, the chapter affords to provide a snapshot of the current landscape to the prevailing hindrances and possible opportunities of waste management with an objective to construct a sustainable and secure energy for future.