Strengths-Based Models and Neurodiversity

Autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, and other neurodiverse conditions have been characterized predominantly by deficits by the medical model or the disability model. The strengths of people with neurodiverse conditions are often overlooked. This chapter strives to challenge the deficit-based models (i.e., medical or disability models) and articulate the strengths-based models in the context of neurodiversity. We will introduce models of strength identification in the neurotypical population and then describe the presentations of selected neurodiverse conditions and reframe these conditions in a neurodiversity-affirmative approach. The reframing of the neurodiverse conditions will be followed by descriptions of models of neurodiversity which will be contrasted with models of disability. We will conclude the chapter with examples of how the strengths-based models can be applied to neurodiverse people in the workplace.