“Another time, in a Lowering and sad Evening, being alone in the field”: Revising Loneliness in the Meditative Writing of Thomas Traherne and Elizabeth Delaval
摘要
Recent research on self-writing has conceptualised texts as part of a process of thought often performed across documents and textual forms. Where historically the meditation has been interpreted as a fixed product of thought, this chapter examines Thomas Traherne’s (c. 1636–1674) and Elizabeth Delaval’s (née Livingston, 1648/9–1717) revisions of loneliness in and across their meditative manuscripts: Centuries of Meditations, Select Meditations, Inducements to Retirednes, and Memoirs and Meditations. The chapter observes these writers’ habits of recording, reviewing, and revising meditative thoughts across manuscripts and later representing these thoughts for discrete readerships. The chapter argues that meditation and revision enabled Traherne and Delaval to evaluate themselves and their loneliness within a spiritual framework, and to derive spiritual lessons on the value of loneliness and its productive aspect in solitude. Traherne revised experiences of the “horror” of loneliness as lessons on the value of community and communion and of time in solitude and society. At transitional stages in her life, Delaval wrote and rewrote meditations and memoirs on her experiences of isolation at court, in retirement, and in marriage. She presents her interpretations of personal moral weakness and societal corruption and the lessons she derived about female agency and identity.