Biotechnology of Extremophiles: Advances and Challenges

Biotechnology has more or less changed our lives in terms of coherent and price-effective outcomes. Generally, microorganisms are regarded as manufacturing units, and extremophiles are a stimulating source for contemporary products in biotechnology thanks to their ability to supply discrete sorts of biomolecules with destined application within the pharmaceutical, medical, and agricultural fields. These components include pigments, diverse bioactive secondary metabolites and products implicated for therapeutic use developing anticancer drugs, antioxidants, and sunscreens. Despite recent progress, practical applications for extremophiles are still in their infancy in many areas, including therapeutic and medical applications. Varying sorts of extremophiles are identified; however, more are yet to be discovered from rare-earth element habitats. The protest persists to grow extremophiles within the laboratory conditions. Advancements made to study extremophiles are too limited to research the routes extremophiles adopt at molecular level under extreme conditions. However, modern biology like the “–omics” provides a platform to researchers to sequence entire genome of bacteria and explore the systems of extremophiles to deal with its surroundings. The challenges faced generally is metabolites characteristics study which can help in developing therapeutic solutions and can resolve medical challenges in human society and bioreactors for efficient production of extremolytes from extremophiles.