Applications of Extremophiles in Therapeutics

Extremophiles are a group of organisms capable of thriving in extreme environmental conditions, such as high temperature, acidity, salinity, pressure, and low oxygen levels. They are a diverse group of microorganisms classified based on their unique ability to survive in these harsh conditions. These microorganisms possess molecular mechanisms that allow them to produce or modify enzymes that work effectively in extreme environments. As a result, they are utilized in biotechnological processes and have recently gained interest for their therapeutic potential. For example, enzymes produced by thermophiles can prevent changes in the structure of proteins, potentially aiding in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s. In this chapter, we will explore the role of extremophiles in improving the healthcare sector.