Cell-to-Cell Communication in Aging: Mechanisms, Impact and Therapeutic Prospects

Aging is the outcome of the gradual accumulation of changes within an organism over time, resulting in a decline in biological function. It is a universal phenomenon that affects all living organisms and is characterized by a progressive reduction in both physical and mental capabilities, which is associated with an increased susceptibility to illness and mortality (Viña et al. in IUBMB Life. 59:249–254, 2007; Guo et al. in Signal Transduct Target Ther. 7:391, 2022; Partridge in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological sciences. 365:147–154, 2010;). The biological process of aging is a complex phenomenon that occurs due to the accumulation of a variety of molecular and cellular damages over time.