Science of Mechanics in the Ottoman Classical Period (14–18th Century)

This study discusses the role of mechanics in the Ottoman classical period spanning the 14th and 18th centuries. Firstly, it is asserted that the science of mechanics in the Islamic world was based on the works of the Ancient Greeks, and then Muslim scholars contributed further on this field. Secondly, it is emphasised that Ottoman science inherited the classical Islamic scientific tradition and demonstrating the mathematical nature of mechanics through the encyclopaedic work of Tashkopruluzāde, a prominent Ottoman scholar from the 16th century. Additionally, Tashkopruluzāde’s definition of mechanical disciplines is analysed to understand Ottoman perspectives on sciences. Thirdly, the study explains how mathematics and physics were taught in the Ottoman classical/scholastic education system, introducing some books on these subjects. Moreover, the practical knowledge of mechanics applied by Ottoman architects and engineers is reviewed. Finally, the works on mechanics written by the Ottomans are discussed, illustrating the subjects studied up to the modern period. In conclusion, it is stated that the Ottomans developed the Islamic mechanical tradition and sustained it until the 18th century. They established new Western-style schools and included modern Newtonian mechanics into their education system in the 19th century.