Discovery and History of Quantum Dots

Quantum dots are a type of semiconducting material that possesses distinctive electronic and optical characteristics at the nanoscale level. As a result, they have found extensive utility in a diverse array of scientific and technological domains. The present chapter provides a historical account of quantum dots, beginning with their initial discovery in the 1980s and extending to contemporary times. The chapter provides an overview of the different techniques employed in the synthesis and fabrication of quantum dots, which include colloidal synthesis, vapor-phase synthesis, and epitaxial growth. The text delineates the various categories of quantum dots, including core-shell and alloyed quantum dots, and elucidates how their characteristics can be adjusted to cater to particular use cases. Moreover, the chapter explores the diverse implementations of quantum dots in domains such as photovoltaic technology, illumination, medical visualisation, and quantum information processing. The text also addresses the potential hazards linked to quantum dots, such as apprehensions regarding toxicity and ecological consequences.