As an alpha coronavirus with a single-positive-strand RNA structure, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) possesses a genome of about 28.5 kb in length. This genome encodes 16 nonstructural proteins, 4 structural proteins (spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), envelope (E), and membrane (M)), and 3 accessory proteins. TGEV exists in two subtypes, Miller and Purdue, distinguished by the base properties of the S protein and ORF3. In recent years, both naturally occurring recombinant TGEV strains and those resulting from recombination with other porcine enteric coronaviruses have emerged, driven by ongoing TGEV recombination and evolution, presenting new challenges for the pig industry. As a primary pathogen responsible for intestinal diseases in pigs, the severity of TGEV infection decreases with increasing pig age. Piglets under two weeks of age are most severely affected, exhibiting symptoms including diarrhea, emesis, dehydration, and rapid weight loss, with mortality rates approaching 100%. Post-mortem examinations of piglets often reveal undigested milk clots in the stomach and thin, transparent intestinal walls. Transmission typically occurs via fecal-oral routes and aerosols. Current disease control measures rely on improved farm management practices and widespread vaccination efforts.