Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants (goats and sheep). Camels and small wild ruminants are susceptible to this virus. The World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) has identified PPR as a disease that requires reporting, with a target eradication date of 2030. In certain countries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, it is an endemic disease that causes severe illness in small ruminants. Small Ruminant Morbillivirus (SRM) is the official name for the causative agent of PPR, but peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is still used as the common name. It belongs to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Like other members of the same genus, such as rinderpest virus, canine distemper virus, measles virus, and marine mammal viruses, the clinical signs including sudden onset of fever, discharges from the eyes and nose, crusting scabs along the lips, salivation, diarrhea and pneumonia, with high mortality in young animals (50–100%). The viral genome is linear, negative-sense, single-stranded, and nonsegmented RNA, which makes PPRV antigenically stable. To date, through the first investigation in 1942 in West Africa, four lineages have been distributed in old continent only (Africa, Asia, and Europe). Vaccination is the most effective tool to prevent this contagious disease. WOAH and FAO cooperate in global control strategies for PPR eradication by 2030. Efficiently available modern vaccines are the most effective tool to protect animals from this contagious disease