Rabies lyssavirus (RABV) belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family and is characterized by its bullet-shaped morphology and enveloped structure. The virus contains a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. The genome encodes five structural proteins: nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G), and polymerase (L). Based on variations in the glycoprotein gene, RABV is classified into multiple geographic variants. RABV is the causative agent of rabies, a fatal zoonotic disease transmitted through the saliva of infected animals. The disease is characterized by a range of severe symptoms, including fever, behavioral changes, difficult swallowing, respiratory distress, and various neurological manifestations. Although the clinical presentation can be diverse, rabies is almost universally fatal once clinical symptoms appear, with a mortality rate approaching 100%. Rabies is found worldwide, with higher prevalence in developing countries. While vaccines are available for prevention, there are no effective treatments once the disease has progressed. Therefore, controlling rabies relies heavily on massive vaccination programs and management measures such as domestic animal vaccinations and roaming dog control.