Getah virus (GETV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family, was initially isolated in Malaysia in 1955 and has since spread across Asia, with notable outbreaks reported in Japan and China since 2000. The virus demonstrates a broad host range, encompassing horses, pigs, cattle, and various wildlife species, including blue foxes and red pandas. The evolutionary trajectory of GETV has resulted in four distinct phylogenetic groups (GI–GIV). Phylogenetic evidence suggests this predominance of GIII since 1964 results from its adaptability to diverse mosquito vectors and subsequent expansion into temperate zones. These outbreaks, occurring amid climate-driven vector expansion, underscore the urgent need for enhanced surveillance. Furthermore, increasing outbreaks in livestock have highlighted the potentially enhanced pathogenicity of GETV. Consequently, these developments necessitate enhanced surveillance and vector control. Cross-species transmission studies are vital for risk mitigation in both veterinary and public health contexts. This chapter summarizes current understanding of GETV etiology, epidemiology, and phylogenetics while also addressing clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and immune response. The chapter also examines control strategies, with particular emphasis on zoonotic potential.

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Getah Virus: A Spreading Zoonotic Pathogen

  • Wenjuan Du,
  • Yiming Han,
  • Lanlan Li,
  • Yongtao Li

摘要

Getah virus (GETV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family, was initially isolated in Malaysia in 1955 and has since spread across Asia, with notable outbreaks reported in Japan and China since 2000. The virus demonstrates a broad host range, encompassing horses, pigs, cattle, and various wildlife species, including blue foxes and red pandas. The evolutionary trajectory of GETV has resulted in four distinct phylogenetic groups (GI–GIV). Phylogenetic evidence suggests this predominance of GIII since 1964 results from its adaptability to diverse mosquito vectors and subsequent expansion into temperate zones. These outbreaks, occurring amid climate-driven vector expansion, underscore the urgent need for enhanced surveillance. Furthermore, increasing outbreaks in livestock have highlighted the potentially enhanced pathogenicity of GETV. Consequently, these developments necessitate enhanced surveillance and vector control. Cross-species transmission studies are vital for risk mitigation in both veterinary and public health contexts. This chapter summarizes current understanding of GETV etiology, epidemiology, and phylogenetics while also addressing clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and immune response. The chapter also examines control strategies, with particular emphasis on zoonotic potential.