Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Strategies

Electrochemical energy conversion and storage (EECS) technologies have aroused worldwide interest as a consequence of the rising demands for renewable and clean energy. As a sustainable and clean technology, EECS has been among the most valuable options for meeting increasing energy requirements and carbon neutralization. Consequently, EECS technologies with high energy and power density were introduced to manage prevailing energy needs and ecological issues. In this contribution, recent trends and strategies on EECS technologies regarding devices and materials have been reviewed. The main features of EECS strategies; conventional, novel, and unconventional approaches; integration to develop multifunctional energy storage devices and integration at the level of materials; modeling and optimization of EECS technologies; EECS materials and devices along with challenges and limitations have been reviewed. Finally, conclusions and perspectives concerning upcoming studies were outlined for a better understanding of innovative approaches for the future development of high-performance EECS devices. It has been highlighted that electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies should reveal compatibility, durability, accessibility and sustainability. Energy devices must meet safety, efficiency, lifetime, high energy density and power density requirements. Their competitiveness regarding performance, material and device stability, costs, and sustainability remains to be further improved.