Microplastics: Interactive Mechanisms in Human Systems

Despite plastic being an important convenience of contemporary living, microplastic pollution has recently gained international attention. From the deepest oceans to the air we breathe, microplastic particles smaller than 5 mm are present everywhere. Microplastics have been discovered even in the most isolated areas of the planet, such as the arctic and mountainous regions. Their small size, lighter weight, and bulk make them easily dispersible by wind. Even the food and water we consume contain small amounts of plastic. They influence all levels of biological organisation and have been found to have an impact on the living world. Human blood, lung tissue, colon, placenta, stool, and breast milk have all been shown to contain microplastics. But it is still unclear how they affect our health. There is currently a dearth of information on the main additives of concern utilised in the plastic industry, their destiny after microplastics are released into the environment, and their ensuing impact on human health when combined with micro and nanoplastics. The definition of microplastics and their possible impact on human health are examined in this chapter. This chapter also explores the pervasiveness of microplastics in food and associated items. The cause and consequences of microplastics are discussed based on existing information in this field, in an attempt to fulfil the knowledge gaps.