Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis in Central Europe: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prophylaxis

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by an infection with a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus (E.). Cystic echinococcosis results from an infection with E. granulosus sensu lato complex, while alveolar echinococcosis is caused by E. multilocularis. In Central Europe, both alveolar and cystic echinococcosis pose significant interdisciplinary challenges and costs for the healthcare system. Over the past years, the incidence of alveolar echinococcosis has notably increased in Central Europe. Due to its frequent misidentification as a malignant disease, comprehensive education on epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnostic approaches, and treatment of alveolar echinococcosis is crucial. Early detection of alveolar echinococcosis is essential for successful treatment outcomes. Furthermore, the incidence of cystic echinococcosis in Central Europe has also risen in the past decade, mainly attributed to increased immigration. This chapter presents an overview of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for both diseases in Central Europe, while underscoring the importance of implementing preventive measures.