Smart Education in the IoT: Issues, Architecture, and Challenges

The integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the continual introduction of novel technologies into institutional learning have led to the emergence of smart education as a prevalent characteristic in the field of education. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel technological paradigm that involves the interconnection of objects that are outfitted with sensors, actuators, and processors, enabling them to communicate with one another and perform a purposeful function. The development of IoT applications poses a significant challenge; however, the implementation of a reference architecture can offer a viable solution for efficient design processes in the realm of smart education. This manuscript describes the evolution of intelligent education in the Internet of Things through the implementation of diverse methodologies. Additionally, it introduces a comprehensive approach that addresses the prerequisites and frameworks necessary for the realization of intelligent education, and it outlines the advantages and benefits that smart education may provide, as well as the challenges that it encounters.